The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections. Suchenormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human -like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (軟件)or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.
I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon (硅)will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon’s long control. And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.1.In what way can we make a machine intelligent?
A. By making it work in such environments as deserts, oceans or space.
B. By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
C. By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
D. By reproducing it.
2.What does the writer think about machines with human-like ability?
A. He believes they will be useful to human beings.
B. He believes that they will control us in the future.
C. He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
D. He doesn’t consider the construction of such machines possible.
3.The word “carbon” (Line 4, Para.2) stands for _________.
A. intelligent robots
B. a chemical element
C. an organic substance
D. human beings
4.A robot can be used to expand our frontiers when _______.
A. its intelligence and cost are beyond question
B. it is able to bear the rough environment
C. it is made as complex as the human brain
D. its architecture is different from that of the present ones
5.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. after the installation of a great number of cells and connections, robots will be capable of self-reproduction
B. with the rapid development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability
C. once we make a machine as complex as the human brain, it will posses intelligence
D. robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space
1.[C] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第1段末提到，使機(jī)器具有智能的方法有兩種，要么安裝合適軟件，要么改變其架構(gòu)，故C正確。
2.[A] 觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者在最后一段提到智能機(jī)器人可為人類(lèi)做很多好事，故他對(duì)機(jī)器人態(tài)度是肯定的，故A正確，同時(shí)排除C。文中只是說(shuō)機(jī)器人會(huì)超越人類(lèi),但并未提到會(huì)控制人類(lèi)，故B排除;D與第1段末的that too will happen矛盾，故錯(cuò)誤。
3.[D] 詞義理解題。文中提到“硅”將會(huì)終結(jié)“碳”的長(zhǎng)期統(tǒng)治地位，聯(lián)系上文可知，“硅”指的是智能機(jī)器人，再結(jié)合上文的機(jī)器人會(huì)超越人類(lèi)，故可確定“碳”指代的是人類(lèi)。
4.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第3段首提到，智能機(jī)器人能幫助開(kāi)發(fā)邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的條件是intelligence.... increase to match thatof humans和cost declines,A與此相對(duì)應(yīng),故正確。
5. [B] 推理判斷題。綜觀(guān)全文，作者討論制作智能機(jī)器人的可能性及其影響，B所述與此相符。文中指出智能機(jī)器人的自我繁殖就是設(shè)計(jì)自己，故A錯(cuò)誤;第1段指出在制作出與人腦一樣復(fù)雜的機(jī)器人后，還必須花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間安裝軟件或改變架構(gòu)后才能使其擁有智能，故C錯(cuò)誤;D中的控制人造世界屬過(guò)度推斷，文中并未提及。
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