Many popular public swimming beaches in Wisconsin have been closed over the past two summers. due to increased monitoring for bacteria.
The recent closures were triggered in the summer of 2002, when a suspicious outbreak of intestinal problems affected a large number of swimmers who were camped at Peninsula State Park, in Door County. Samples were taken.and high coliform bacteria counts were noted.
Health departments were urged (or shamed) into taking samples at more Wisconsin beaches and found problemsat dozens of sites. This set off a wave of publicity. At the same time, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources announced the launch of a new monitoring program for the 170 public beaches which line Wisconsin's coasts on Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, funded by a federal grant. Howerver, as DNR pointed out, the monitoring plan had been under development since 2001 to meet federal requirements for states to improve monitoring and public notification at their coastal beaches.
"Unfortunately, the federal law and the available federal funding don't get at identifying and reducing sources or contamination." said Toni Glymph, the DNR toxicologist leading the Beach Workgroup of state and local health and environmental officials. "We realize those are criticai needs, but this testing and notification plan is a start. People need to be aware of risks and make informed choices."
Because funding was short ,the DNR categorized beaches as high, medium, or low priority, to determine how frequently each beach will be monitoree. High priority beaches, for instance, may be monitored five times a week, compared to once a week for low priority beaches. Coastal communities aren't required to adopt themonitoring and notification guidelines in the plan,but the DNR expected more than $200,000 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assist communities wanting to implement the plan in summer 2003.
Currently, DNR staff are responsible for monitoring beaches at state properties, and tribal and local health departments are responsible for other public beaches within their borders. Because testing is not mandatory and local communities are not required to follow state guidelines for monitoring beaches,Wisconsin suffers from a serious inconsistency in how frequently beaches are sampled, how people are notified or possible unsafe swimming conditions,and in reporting of beach closures.
1.Where was the first swimming site that was closed?
2.By saying "We realize those are critical needs", Toni Glymph means that we need to_________________.
3.Coastal communities that adopt the monitoring and notification plan will be funded by____________________.
3.Who will be monitoring the state-owned beaches?
4.According to the author, the monitoring system at the state level and that at the local level are___________________.
答案：
1.[At Peninsula State Park,in Door County.]
[定位]第2段首句。
解析：原文該段的triggered一詞表明2002年Door縣半島州立公園爆發(fā)的細(xì)菌事件導(dǎo)致最近很多游泳場(chǎng)被關(guān)閉，可見最早被關(guān)閉的游泳場(chǎng)應(yīng)為“Door縣半島州立公園”里的游泳場(chǎng)。
2.[identify and reduce sources of contamination]
[定位]根據(jù)“We realize those are critical needs"和Toni Glymph定位到第4段。
解析：本題實(shí)際上考查those的所指。根據(jù)原文可以知道，those指第4段首句的identifying and reducing...，只要根據(jù)題目的要求將兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞改為不定式，即為本題答案。
3.[the U.S. EPA]
[定位]根據(jù)Coastal communities和monitoring and notification定位到第5段末句。
解析：原文該句的數(shù)字$200,000及assist一詞表明EPA將資助實(shí)施監(jiān)測(cè)、告知計(jì)劃的社區(qū)，因此本題答案為the U.S. EPA。
4.[DNR.]
[定位]末段首句。
解析：原文該句中的beaches at state properties與題目中的state-owned beaches同義，由此可見，本題答案為DNR。
5.[inconsistent]
[定位]末段末句。
解析：原文該句表明州政府雖然有統(tǒng)一的準(zhǔn)則，但并不強(qiáng)制各社區(qū)遵守，從而造成了各社區(qū)在處理海灘問題上沒有統(tǒng)一的準(zhǔn)則，對(duì)于這一現(xiàn)象，作者用inconsistency加以概括，而空白處需要形容詞作表語，由此可見，作者認(rèn)為州一級(jí)和社區(qū)一級(jí)對(duì)同一個(gè)問題“準(zhǔn)則不同”，即inconsistent。
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